2024 State of HIV Stigma Report

Methodology

The 2024 State of HIV Stigma Study was conducted through an online survey in January 2024 among a sample of 2,511 U.S. adults 18+. The sample was sourced and aggregated through CINT, who has the world’s largest consumer network for digital survey-based research.

Annotations

¹“SILENCE = DEATH: How an Iconic Protest Poster Came into Being.” Literary Hub, Dec. 2017, lithub.com/silence-death-how-an-iconic-protest-poster-came-into-being/. Accessed 25 June 2024.

²Atefeh Aghaei, et al. “Impact of Mass Media on HIV/AIDS Stigma Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” AIDS and Behavior, vol. 27, no. 10, Springer Science+Business Media, Apr. 2023, pp. 3414–29, https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10461-023-04057-5. Accessed 25 June 2024.

³Pedro Leaves Us Breathless.” POZ, Aug. 1994, www.poz.com/article/Pedro-Leaves-Us Breathless-16140-1022. Accessed 20 June 2024.

⁴Update: Trends in AIDS Incidence, Deaths, and Prevalence — United States, 1996 . 2024, www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046531.htm#:~:text=The%20estimated%20 number%20of%20deaths,1995%20(approximately%20 50%2C000%20deaths). Accessed 20 June 2024.

⁵Arthur, Kate. “Looking Back at ‘the Real World: San Francisco,’ the Show That Changed the World.” BuzzFeed, BuzzFeed, 7 Jan. 2014, www.buzzfeed.com/kateaurthur/real-world-san-francisco-pedro-zamora-rachel-campos. Accessed 20 June 2024.

⁶“Travel Restrictions for People with HIV.” Aidsmap. com, 2 Oct. 2023, www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/travel-restrictions-people-hiv. Accessed 8 July 2024.

⁷HIV and STD Criminalization Laws. 2024, www.cdc.gov/hiv/policies/law/states/exposure.html. Accessed 9 July 2024.

⁸Howard, Jacqueline. “Moms with HIV Can Breastfeed If Taking Treatment and Virus Is Undetectable, Pediatricians’ Group Says.” CNN, CNN, 20 May 2024, www.cnn.com/2024/05/20/health/hiv-breastfeeding-recommendations-aap/index.html. Accessed 9 July 2024.

⁹Clinic, Cleveland. “Vampire (PRP) Facelift: What It Is, Benefits & Side Effects.” Cleveland Clinic, 2024, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/vampire-facelift. Accessed 9 July 2024.

¹⁰Lenthang, Marlene. “New HIV Cases Linked to New Mexico Salon That Gave Vampire Facials.” NBC News, NBC News, 7 July 2023, www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/hiv-cases-linked-new-mexico-salon-vampire-facials-rcna93054. Accessed 1 July 2024.

¹¹Chasan, Aliza. “New HIV Case Linked to ‘Vampire Facials’ at New Mexico Spa.” Cbsnews.com, CBS News, 7 July 2023, www.cbsnews.com/news/hiv-case-linked-vampire-facial-albuquerque-new-mexico-spa/. Accessed 1 July 2024.

¹²Hull, Kate. “Patients Contract HIV after Receiving Vampire Facials.” Business Insider, Insider, 7 July 2023, www.businessinsider.com/hiv-vampire-facial-albuquerque-new-mexico-spa-2023-7. Accessed 1 July 2024.

¹³Stadelman-Behar, Anna M., et al. “Investigation of Presumptive HIV Transmission Associated with Receipt of Platelet-Rich Plasma Microneedling Facials at a Spa among Former Spa Clients — New Mexico, 2018–2023.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 73, no. 16, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Apr. 2024, pp. 372–76, https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7316a3. Accessed 1 July 2024.

¹⁴“The Washington Post – Breaking News and Latest Headlines, U.S. News, World News, and Video – the Washington Post.” Washington Post, The Washington Post, 2024, www.washingtonpost.com/. Accessed 1 July 2024.

¹⁵“How Researchers Cleared the Name of HIV Patient Zero.” Nature, vol. 538, no. 7626, Nature Portfolio, Oct. 2016, pp. 428–28, https://doi.org/10.1038/538428a. Accessed 1 July 2024.

¹⁶Rodriguez, Mathew. “Can ‘Vampire Facials’ Transmit HIV?” Thebody.com, TB, 30 Aug. 2023, www.thebody.com/article/dont-be-afraid-vampire-facial. Accessed 1 July 2024.

¹⁷Brennan, Paul. “A Bill to Restrict HIV/AIDS and HPV Education in Iowa Schools Harkens back to the Darkest Days of the Reagan Era.” Little Village, Little Village, 5 May 2023, littlevillagemag.com/reagan-again-bill-restricting-hiv-aids-hpv-vaccine-education/. Accessed 25 June 2024.

¹⁸Yurcaba, Jo. “Florida Republicans Introduce 3 Bills to Expand State’s ‘Don’t Say Gay’ Law.” NBC News, NBC News, 8 Mar. 2023, www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-politics-and-policy/florida-republicans-introduce-3-bills-expand-states-dont-say-gay-law-rcna73647. Accessed 25 June 2024.

¹⁹“Florida – Ascend.” Ascend, 19 Dec. 2021, weascend.org/state-laws/florida/. Accessed 25 June 2024.

²⁰ Lang, Nico. “School GSAs Used to Be Safe Spaces. Now, They’re Targets.” Them, Them., 21 Sept. 2022, www.them.us/story/school-gsas-lgbtq-club-under-attack. Accessed 9 July 2024.